الرئيسية
من طرف kt40002000 الخميس مايو 03, 2007 5:53 pmنستخدم الماضي البسيط لنتحدث عن شيئ حصل و انتهى في الماضي.
مثلا:
Last week, I played volleyball.
Three years ago, I visited Dubai.
Yesterday, Ali watched a film on T.V.
ملاحظة: هذه بعض الكلمات التي تخبرنا على أن الجملة في الماضي البسيط: yesterday -ago -last...
.2كيف نكون الماضي البسيط؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون الماضي البسيط بإضافة ed إلى آخر الفعل.
played
I
played
You
played
He
played
She
played
It
played
We
played
You
played
They
ملاحظة: تنطبق هذه القاعدة على جميع الأفعال ما عدا الأفعال
الشاذة.( راجع صفحة الأفعال الشاذة لتعرف كيف تصبح في الماضي البسيط )
.3 كيف نكون النفي في الماضي البسيط ؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون النفي في الماضي البسيط بإضافة كلمة didn't قبل مصدر الفعل.
I
didn't
play
We
didn't
play
You
didn't
play
You
didn't
play
He
didn't
play
They
didn't
play
She
didn't
play
It
didn't
play
.4 كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي البسيط?( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
نكون السؤال في الماضي البسيط بوضع كلمة did قبل الفاعل و نضع مصدر الفعل بعد الفاعل.
play?
we
Did
play?
I
Did
play?
you
Did
play?
you
Did
play?
they
Did
play?
he
Did
play?
she
Did
play?
It
Did
Exercise
Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form.
1. Yesterday, Khalid --------------------------- in bed all day. (stay)
2. She --------------------------- breakfast this morning. (not have)
3. Last week, we --------------------------- a football match. ( play)
4. -------------------------------------- the homework ? ( you / do )
5. Why -------------------------------------------late ? ( she / arrive )
6. Basma ------------------------- to school yesterday. (not come )
7. Where --------------------------- your holidays ? ( you / spend )
8. In 1998, We------------------------- to Agadir.( go )
9. A few years ago, many villages in my country -------------------electricity. (not have )
10. I ------------------------- a terrible accident yesterday. ( see )
أنقر هنا إذا أردت أن تتأكد من حل هذا التمرين
The Past Continuous
الماضي المستمر
1. متى نستخدم الماضي المستمر؟
نستخدم الماضي المستمر للتحدث عن شئ استمر لمدة معينة في الماضي
مثلا:Yesterday from 7.00 to 8.00 I was watching T.V
Yesterday at 5 O’clock , Ali was reading.
Aisha and her sister were playing.
2. كيف نكون الماضي المستمر؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون الماضي المستمر بإضافة كلمة was أو were قبل الفعل و إضافة ing إلى نهاية الفعل.
I
Was
Playing
We
were
playing
You
were
playing
You
were
playing
He
was
playing
They
were
playing
She
was
playing
It
was
playing
3. كيف نكون النفي في الماضي البسيط؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون النفي في الماضي البسيط بإضافة كلمة wasn’t أو weren’t قبل الفعل .
I
Wasn’t
playing
We
weren’t
playing
You
weren’t
playing
You
weren’t
playing
He
Wasn’t
playing
They
weren’t
playing
She
wasn’t
playing
It
wasn’t
playing
4. كيف نكون السؤال في الماضي المستمر؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون السؤال في الماضي المستمر بوضع was أو were قبل الفاعل.
was
I
playing?
Were
we
playing?
Were
you
playing?
Were
you
playing?
was
he
playing?
Were
they
playing?
Was
she
playing?
Was
it
playing?
Exercise
Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form.
1. They--------------------------------------- when I arrived. (fight)
2. She -----------------a meal when the lights went out.(cook)
3. What --------------------------when I phoned you? ( you/do)
4. When I arrived, everybody -----------------------------.(sleep)
5. My mother ------------------------T.V. when I came.( not watch )
6. The pupils--------------------------------------------.(not listen)
7. The dog -----------------------------------a bone in the garden when it saw a cat.(eat)
8. Why ------------------------------when I was talking? (you laugh)
9. --------------------dinner when the police arrived? (you / have)
10. My father -----------------a newspaper when the bell rang.(read
The past Perfect
الماضي التام
متى نستخدم الماضي التام؟
نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق الحدث الثاني.مثلا:
البارحة؛ شاهدت التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت إلى الفراش. (في هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:
Last night after I had watched television I went to bed
البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون ذهبت إلى الفراش
كيف يتكون الماضي التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون التام بوضع had + past participle
played
had
I
played
had
You
played
had
He
played
had
She
played
had
It
played
had
We
played
had
You
played
had
They
كيف يتكون النفي في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة not بين had و past participle .
played
not
had
I
played
not
had
You
played
not
had
He
played
not
had
She
played
not
had
It
played
not
had
We
played
not
had
You
played
not
had
They
كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع had مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had
played?
I
had
played?
You
had
played?
He
had
played?
She
had
played?
It
had
played?
We
had
played?
You
had
played?
They
had
ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة had أو الصيغة المختصرة d و يبقى المعنى هو نقسه.
Television had watched I
المبني للمجهولThe passive Voice
متى نستخدم المبني للمجهول ؟
نستخدم المبني للمجهول عندما يكون الفاعل غير مهم في الجملة . مثلا:
فتح The door was opened. الباب
coffee is grown in Brasil.القهوة ُتزرع في البرازيل
في الجملة الأولى " فُتِح الباب " لا يهمنا من الذي فتح الباب بقدر ما يهمنا عملية فتح الباب. كذلك في الجملة الثانية لا يهمنا من الذي يزرع القهوة بقدر ما يهمنا عملية زرع القهوة.
كيف يتكون المبني للمجهول ؟
SINGULAR
مفرد
PLURAL
جمع
PRESENT
حاضر
is+past participle
are+past participle
PAST
ماضي
was+past participle
were+past participle
بتكون المبني للمجهول بوضع الفاعل + is /are + past participle في المضارع
والفاعل+past participle+was/were في الماضي
مثلا:
المضارع المفرد:
The house is cleaned everyday
البيت ُينظّف كل يوم
المضارع الجمع
Monkeys are found in forests
القردة توجد قي الغابات
الماضي المفرد:
The telephone was invented in the last century.
أخترع التليفون في القرن الماضي.
الماضي الجمع:
The books were put on the table.
الكتب وضعت فوق الطاولة
في الجدول التالي سوف تجد ملخص للحالات التي يكون عليها الفعل في المبني للمعلوم و مقابلها ستجد كيف يصبح عندما تتحول الجملة إلى المبني للمجهول.
Tense in the passive
التصريف في المبني للمجهول
Tense in the active
التصريف في المبني للمعلوم
is/are + past participle
John is given a dollar everyday
Present simple
ex: Someone gives John a dollar everyday.
Is/are + being+ past participle
A house is being built
Present continuous
ex: They are building a house.
Was/were + past participle
I was given a present
Past simple
ex: Someone gave me a present
was/were + being+ past participle
A film was being made
Past continuous
ex: They were making a film
Have/has been+ past perfect
I have been sent a letter
Present Perfect
ex: Someone has sent me a letter.
Had been+ past perfect
I had been sent a letter
Past perfect
ex: Someone had sent me a letter.
Will be+ past participle
The thief will be caught
Future
ex: They will catch the thief
must /can/should/have to +be + past participle
A solution must be found
must-can-should-have to
ex: They must find a solution
مثلا:
Last week, I played volleyball.
Three years ago, I visited Dubai.
Yesterday, Ali watched a film on T.V.
ملاحظة: هذه بعض الكلمات التي تخبرنا على أن الجملة في الماضي البسيط: yesterday -ago -last...
.2كيف نكون الماضي البسيط؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون الماضي البسيط بإضافة ed إلى آخر الفعل.
played
I
played
You
played
He
played
She
played
It
played
We
played
You
played
They
ملاحظة: تنطبق هذه القاعدة على جميع الأفعال ما عدا الأفعال
الشاذة.( راجع صفحة الأفعال الشاذة لتعرف كيف تصبح في الماضي البسيط )
.3 كيف نكون النفي في الماضي البسيط ؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون النفي في الماضي البسيط بإضافة كلمة didn't قبل مصدر الفعل.
I
didn't
play
We
didn't
play
You
didn't
play
You
didn't
play
He
didn't
play
They
didn't
play
She
didn't
play
It
didn't
play
.4 كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي البسيط?( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
نكون السؤال في الماضي البسيط بوضع كلمة did قبل الفاعل و نضع مصدر الفعل بعد الفاعل.
play?
we
Did
play?
I
Did
play?
you
Did
play?
you
Did
play?
they
Did
play?
he
Did
play?
she
Did
play?
It
Did
Exercise
Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form.
1. Yesterday, Khalid --------------------------- in bed all day. (stay)
2. She --------------------------- breakfast this morning. (not have)
3. Last week, we --------------------------- a football match. ( play)
4. -------------------------------------- the homework ? ( you / do )
5. Why -------------------------------------------late ? ( she / arrive )
6. Basma ------------------------- to school yesterday. (not come )
7. Where --------------------------- your holidays ? ( you / spend )
8. In 1998, We------------------------- to Agadir.( go )
9. A few years ago, many villages in my country -------------------electricity. (not have )
10. I ------------------------- a terrible accident yesterday. ( see )
أنقر هنا إذا أردت أن تتأكد من حل هذا التمرين
The Past Continuous
الماضي المستمر
1. متى نستخدم الماضي المستمر؟
نستخدم الماضي المستمر للتحدث عن شئ استمر لمدة معينة في الماضي
مثلا:Yesterday from 7.00 to 8.00 I was watching T.V
Yesterday at 5 O’clock , Ali was reading.
Aisha and her sister were playing.
2. كيف نكون الماضي المستمر؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون الماضي المستمر بإضافة كلمة was أو were قبل الفعل و إضافة ing إلى نهاية الفعل.
I
Was
Playing
We
were
playing
You
were
playing
You
were
playing
He
was
playing
They
were
playing
She
was
playing
It
was
playing
3. كيف نكون النفي في الماضي البسيط؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون النفي في الماضي البسيط بإضافة كلمة wasn’t أو weren’t قبل الفعل .
I
Wasn’t
playing
We
weren’t
playing
You
weren’t
playing
You
weren’t
playing
He
Wasn’t
playing
They
weren’t
playing
She
wasn’t
playing
It
wasn’t
playing
4. كيف نكون السؤال في الماضي المستمر؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال )
يتكون السؤال في الماضي المستمر بوضع was أو were قبل الفاعل.
was
I
playing?
Were
we
playing?
Were
you
playing?
Were
you
playing?
was
he
playing?
Were
they
playing?
Was
she
playing?
Was
it
playing?
Exercise
Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form.
1. They--------------------------------------- when I arrived. (fight)
2. She -----------------a meal when the lights went out.(cook)
3. What --------------------------when I phoned you? ( you/do)
4. When I arrived, everybody -----------------------------.(sleep)
5. My mother ------------------------T.V. when I came.( not watch )
6. The pupils--------------------------------------------.(not listen)
7. The dog -----------------------------------a bone in the garden when it saw a cat.(eat)
8. Why ------------------------------when I was talking? (you laugh)
9. --------------------dinner when the police arrived? (you / have)
10. My father -----------------a newspaper when the bell rang.(read
The past Perfect
الماضي التام
متى نستخدم الماضي التام؟
نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق الحدث الثاني.مثلا:
البارحة؛ شاهدت التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت إلى الفراش. (في هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:
Last night after I had watched television I went to bed
البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون ذهبت إلى الفراش
كيف يتكون الماضي التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون التام بوضع had + past participle
played
had
I
played
had
You
played
had
He
played
had
She
played
had
It
played
had
We
played
had
You
played
had
They
كيف يتكون النفي في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة not بين had و past participle .
played
not
had
I
played
not
had
You
played
not
had
He
played
not
had
She
played
not
had
It
played
not
had
We
played
not
had
You
played
not
had
They
كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع had مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had
played?
I
had
played?
You
had
played?
He
had
played?
She
had
played?
It
had
played?
We
had
played?
You
had
played?
They
had
ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة had أو الصيغة المختصرة d و يبقى المعنى هو نقسه.
Television had watched I
المبني للمجهولThe passive Voice
متى نستخدم المبني للمجهول ؟
نستخدم المبني للمجهول عندما يكون الفاعل غير مهم في الجملة . مثلا:
فتح The door was opened. الباب
coffee is grown in Brasil.القهوة ُتزرع في البرازيل
في الجملة الأولى " فُتِح الباب " لا يهمنا من الذي فتح الباب بقدر ما يهمنا عملية فتح الباب. كذلك في الجملة الثانية لا يهمنا من الذي يزرع القهوة بقدر ما يهمنا عملية زرع القهوة.
كيف يتكون المبني للمجهول ؟
SINGULAR
مفرد
PLURAL
جمع
PRESENT
حاضر
is+past participle
are+past participle
PAST
ماضي
was+past participle
were+past participle
بتكون المبني للمجهول بوضع الفاعل + is /are + past participle في المضارع
والفاعل+past participle+was/were في الماضي
مثلا:
المضارع المفرد:
The house is cleaned everyday
البيت ُينظّف كل يوم
المضارع الجمع
Monkeys are found in forests
القردة توجد قي الغابات
الماضي المفرد:
The telephone was invented in the last century.
أخترع التليفون في القرن الماضي.
الماضي الجمع:
The books were put on the table.
الكتب وضعت فوق الطاولة
في الجدول التالي سوف تجد ملخص للحالات التي يكون عليها الفعل في المبني للمعلوم و مقابلها ستجد كيف يصبح عندما تتحول الجملة إلى المبني للمجهول.
Tense in the passive
التصريف في المبني للمجهول
Tense in the active
التصريف في المبني للمعلوم
is/are + past participle
John is given a dollar everyday
Present simple
ex: Someone gives John a dollar everyday.
Is/are + being+ past participle
A house is being built
Present continuous
ex: They are building a house.
Was/were + past participle
I was given a present
Past simple
ex: Someone gave me a present
was/were + being+ past participle
A film was being made
Past continuous
ex: They were making a film
Have/has been+ past perfect
I have been sent a letter
Present Perfect
ex: Someone has sent me a letter.
Had been+ past perfect
I had been sent a letter
Past perfect
ex: Someone had sent me a letter.
Will be+ past participle
The thief will be caught
Future
ex: They will catch the thief
must /can/should/have to +be + past participle
A solution must be found
must-can-should-have to
ex: They must find a solution
